UPS是不間(jian)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(uninterruptiblepowersystem)的(de)(de)(de)(de)簡稱(cheng),其是給安防監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系統提供(gong)動力的(de)(de)(de)(de)“心臟(zang)”部(bu)分，為(wei)安防監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系統提供(gong)持續、穩定(ding)、不間(jian)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力供(gong)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)外部(bu)設(she)備(bei)。目前，市場上供(gong)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)設(she)備(bei)種類繁多(duo)，輸(shu)出(chu)功率(lv)也有所不同。UPS不間(jian)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)按工(gong)作模式(shi)可分為(wei)后備(bei)式(shi)、在線式(shi)兩大類。按其輸(shu)出(chu)波(bo)形又分為(wei)方波(bo)輸(shu)出(chu)和(he)正弦波(bo)輸(shu)出(chu)兩種。本文(wen)主(zhu)要(yao)介(jie)紹了UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作原理，以及如(ru)何配(pei)置安防監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。

備(bei)用電(dian)源是安(an)防監(jian)控系統基本要素之(zhi)一(yi)。缺少備(bei)用電(dian)源的(de)系統則(ze)暗藏致(zhi)命缺陷，不能(neng)投(tou)入(ru)實際應(ying)用當中，因(yin)為極可能(neng)在關鍵(jian)時刻貽誤(wu)戰機，拋錨停擺，整系統癱瘓，造(zao)成無可挽回(hui)的(de)損失(shi)。

安防(fang)監(jian)控系(xi)(xi)統(tong)正常(chang)(chang)(chang)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)使用(yong)220伏市電(dian)(dian)，而在斷電(dian)(dian)和市電(dian)(dian)被(bei)破壞的特殊情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)下，還(huan)應正常(chang)(chang)(chang)工作一段(duan)時(shi)間(jian)，這就需要啟用(yong)備(bei)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)來維持這段(duan)時(shi)間(jian)監(jian)控系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的正常(chang)(chang)(chang)工作。備(bei)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)有(you)雙路(lu)或多路(lu)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)、蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)、發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)、UPS供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)等等。但通(tong)常(chang)(chang)(chang)采用(yong)UPS不間(jian)斷電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)作為安防(fang)監(jian)控系(xi)(xi)統(tong)備(bei)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。

一、UPS(不間斷電源)的工作原理

UPS電源由蓄電池、逆變器、充電器、穩壓穩頻器、轉(zhuan)換(huan)開關組成。當(dang)市(shi)電正(zheng)常輸(shu)入時，UPS就將(jiang)市(shi)電穩壓后供給負載(zai)(zai)使用，同時對內置(zhi)電池組充電，把能量儲存在電池中(zhong);當(dang)市(shi)電中(zhong)斷(duan)(事故停電)或輸(shu)入故障時，UPS立即將(jiang)內置(zhi)電池的(de)能量轉(zhuan)換(huan)，瞬間以(yi)220伏交(jiao)流電繼續供負載(zai)(zai)使用，使負載(zai)(zai)維(wei)持正(zheng)常工(gong)作(zuo)并保護負載(zai)(zai)軟(ruan)硬件不(bu)受損壞。UPS電源分(fen)為后備式、在線式、在線互動式三大類：

1、后(hou)備式UPS電源

在市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正常(chang)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通過交(jiao)流旁路通道(dao)經轉換開關直接(jie)向負載提(ti)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源內的(de)逆(ni)變器(qi)處于停止(zhi)工作狀(zhuang)態，這時的(de)UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源實(shi)質上相(xiang)當于一(yi)臺性(xing)能單一(yi)的(de)市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)穩(wen)壓器(qi)。它除了對市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)幅度波(bo)動(dong)有(you)所改(gai)善外(wai)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)頻率不(bu)穩(wen)、波(bo)形畸(ji)變以及從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網侵入的(de)*等不(bu)良影(ying)響基本(ben)上沒有(you)任何改(gai)善。只有(you)當市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中斷(duan)或低于170伏時，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池才立刻對逆(ni)變器(qi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，向負載提(ti)供穩(wen)壓、穩(wen)頻的(de)方波(bo)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。

2、在(zai)線式(shi)UPS電源

在(zai)市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)正(zheng)常(chang)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)時，它(ta)首先將市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)交流電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)經(jing)整(zheng)流變(bian)成(cheng)直流電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，然(ran)后(hou)進行脈寬調(diao)制、濾波(bo)、并將直流電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)經(jing)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器重新轉換成(cheng)正(zheng)弦波(bo)交流電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)向負載供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)，一旦市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)中斷，立即改由蓄電(dian)(dian)池提供(gong)(gong)(gong)的直流經(jing)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器、電(dian)(dian)脈寬調(diao)制、濾波(bo)，向負載提供(gong)(gong)(gong)正(zheng)弦波(bo)交流電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。

因此，對(dui)在線式UPS而(er)言，在正(zheng)常情況下，無論有無市電(dian)(dian)，它都是由UPS電(dian)(dian)源的逆變(bian)器對(dui)負載供(gong)電(dian)(dian)，這樣就(jiu)避免了所(suo)有由市電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)壓波動及*而(er)帶來的影響(xiang)。

顯而(er)(er)易見(jian)，在線式UPS電(dian)源(yuan)的供(gong)電(dian)質(zhi)量明顯優于后(hou)備式UPS電(dian)源(yuan)，因為它可以(yi)實現對(dui)負載的穩(wen)頻(pin)、穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)供(gong)電(dian)。而(er)(er)且(qie)在由市(shi)電(dian)轉換到蓄電(dian)池供(gong)電(dian)時，其轉換時間基本為零，真正給用戶(hu)提供(gong)高質(zhi)量穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)、穩(wen)頻(pin)的純凈正弦波電(dian)源(yuan)，從而(er)(er)提供(gong)符合安防監控系(xi)統需要的電(dian)源(yuan)保護。

在(zai)線互動(dong)式(shi)(shi)UPS電源結合(he)了后備式(shi)(shi)UPS和在(zai)線式(shi)(shi)UPS的許多優點，也是一種很不錯的變換形式(shi)(shi)，但是由于(yu)它使(shi)用的是工頻(pin)變壓器，有笨重、體積大(da)的問題存在(zai)。

二、如何配置安防監控(kong)系統(tong)中UPS電源(yuan)

UPS是伴隨計算機(ji)的誕生而出現后備電(dian)(dian)源。在(zai)安防監控(kong)系(xi)統中越來(lai)越多應用計算機(ji)技術，因此對(dui)電(dian)(dian)力供電(dian)(dian)質量提出越來(lai)越高的要求。UPS不(bu)但可全(quan)(quan)面(mian)改善供電(dian)(dian)質量，對(dui)整(zheng)個系(xi)統乃至網絡數據全(quan)(quan)面(mian)保護，還(huan)可保證市電(dian)(dian)斷電(dian)(dian)和(he)被人為(wei)破壞的特殊情況(kuang)下(xia)，繼續正(zheng)常工作運轉。由于(yu)安防監控(kong)系(xi)統對(dui)供電(dian)(dian)要求較高，所以一般會選擇在(zai)線式(正(zheng)弦波，市電(dian)(dian)要求)UPS電(dian)(dian)源。

給安防監控系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)配(pei)備(bei)UPS電(dian)源時(shi)(shi)，首先應估(gu)算整個系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)設(she)備(bei)的用(yong)電(dian)功率，安全系(xi)(xi)(xi)數(shu)一般取(qu)1.2-1.5為(wei)宜(yi)，為(wei)供(gong)電(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)留(liu)有充(chong)分的冗余量。其次根據系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)要(yao)求延時(shi)(shi)供(gong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)間，計算配(pei)置電(dian)池組。，還應注意使用(yong)環境(jing)，防潮通風，注重降溫，延長平(ping)均無故障工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)間，提高系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的可靠(kao)性(xing)。UPS電(dian)源應設(she)置在監控室，實行統(tong)一管理。當市電(dian)不正常時(shi)(shi)能及時(shi)(shi)為(wei)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)設(she)備(bei)提供(gong)不間斷電(dian)力(li)供(gong)應，確(que)保系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)工(gong)作(zuo)正常。